FOUNDations: Pascal’s Wager

This is a classic apologetic from the great 17th century French mathematician, physicist and philosopher, Blaise Pascal:

1. If God does not exist, and I believe that He exists—I lose nothing.
(Christian)

2. If God does not exist, and I don’t believe that He exists—I lose nothing. (Atheist)

3. If God exists, and I believe that He exists—I gain everything.
(Christian)

4. If God exists, and I don’t believe that He exists— I lose everything. (Atheist)
null Essentially, Pascal is asking the reader, “Within the context of eternity, which is the safest of the following propositions?” The only winning position is #3.
—From William J. Tsamis, apologetics.org

Who is Blaise Pascal and what is this Wager all about?